THE APPLICATION OF LASER IN EYE SURGERY

Laser refractive surgery is based on microscopic reshaping of the cornea to correct myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism. The excimer laser removes tissue with submicron precision.
The excimer laser emits a cool beam of ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength to precisely remove corneal tissue. When the surface of the cornea is reshaped in the right way, it allows light rays to focus properly onto the retina for clear vision.
The high-energy pulses of ultraviolet light penetrate only a tiny amount of the cornea and have the ability to remove as little as 0.25 microns of tissue at a time.
An excimer laser corrects nearsightedness by flattening the cornea; it corrects farsightedness by making the cornea steeper. Also, astigmatism can be corrected by smoothing an irregular cornea into a more normal shape.
Excimer lasers are controlled by computer settings programmed to correct your specific refractive error. Your surgeon will program the excimer laser with the desired measurements in order to reshape your cornea and treat your prescription. The quantity and pattern of tissue removal are unique to each patient.
Most modern excimer lasers have automated eye-tracking systems that monitor eye movements and keep the laser beam on target during surgery. Studies have shown that eye trackers produce better outcomes and decrease complications compared with past lasers that did not use eye-tracking systems.
Mention some important advantages of laser eye surgery including no need for general anesthesia, short duration of hospitalization and less pain experienced by patient.
WAVEFRONT Technology
In addition to refraction errors such as myopia, hypermetropic, and astigmatic, some eyes also have Aberrations, which are the optical irregularities depending on irregular spots on the cornea layer of the eye. Aberrations may reduce night vision and vision precision. In this technology, irregularities on the cornea are detected and these spots are corrected with an extremely precise topography in addition to the treatments of myopia, hypermetropic, and astigmatic visions of the patient. This application provides the patient with night vision and vision precision better than the vision with eyeglasses.

Reference:

http://www.allaboutvision.com/visionsurgery/lasik_laser.htm
http://www.uptodate.com/contents/laser-refractive-surgery
http://www.ekolgoz.com/en/ophthalmic-diseases/excimer-laser